High-precision ball screw is a mechanical component commonly used in mechanical transmission. It has the advantages of high precision, high efficiency and high stiffness, and is widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobile, CNC machine tools and other fields. However, in the process of long-term use, high-precision ball screws will also fail, which will affect the normal operation of mechanical equipment. This paper will introduce the failure analysis and treatment methods of high precision ball screw.
Failure form of high precision ball screw
1. Fatigue failure
In the long-term use of high-precision ball screw, due to the influence of reciprocating motion, the contact stress between ball and raceway will alternate, which will lead to material fatigue failure. The manifestations of fatigue failure include cracks, local deformation and discoloration.
2. Wear failure
During the movement of high-precision ball screw, due to friction, there will be wear between the ball and the raceway, and long-term use will lead to the failure of the ball screw. The manifestations of wear failure include surface wear, flange wear and axial wear.
3. Corrosion failure
High-precision ball screw will be corroded in humid environment or under the action of chemical corrosive medium. The manifestations of corrosion failure include surface rust, corrosion and corrosion pits.
4. Plastics deformation failure
During the movement of high-precision ball screw, plastic deformation will occur due to factors such as overload or accidental impact, which will lead to the failure of the ball screw. The manifestations of plastic deformation failure include plastic deformation and fracture.
Causes of failure of high precision ball screw
1. Unreasonable design
The unreasonable design of high-precision ball screw is one of the important reasons for its failure. Unreasonable design may include the selection of inappropriate materials, unreasonable size design, unreasonable process requirements and other factors.
2. Poor manufacturing quality
The poor manufacturing quality of high-precision ball screw is also one of the reasons for its failure. Poor manufacturing quality may include unreasonable processing technology, material defects, improper heat treatment and poor surface treatment.
3. Long-term usage
Long-term use is one of the common reasons for the failure of high-precision ball screws. In the process of long-term use, the fatigue strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of materials will gradually decline, which will lead to the failure of high-precision ball screws.
4. Operational environment
The operational environment of high-precision ball screw will also affect its failure. The use environment may include temperature, humidity, dust, chemical corrosive media and other factors, which will adversely affect the material and mechanical properties of high-precision ball screw, thus leading to its failure.
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